Re-evaluating 666

The number of the beast, whether 666 or 616, has no significance in Freemasonry, its ritual or symbolism. This has not stopped conspiracy theorists and anti-masons from 'discovering' what they believe to be significance. This is an example of apophenia.

Testing the faith

666 wrong number of prophetic beast?
Newly examined Scripture fragment lends credence to argument it's 616
Posted: May 08, 2005
2:17 pm Eastern
© 2010 WorldNetDaily.com

For centuries, people have been intrigued by the number 666, the "number of the beast" from the Book of Revelation in the New Testament.

Not only is it mentioned in the Bible, it has been associated with Satanism, universal price codes and the game of roulette, as the numbers on the wheel add up to 666. Now, the legendary number is getting a fresh look, as researchers are re-examining evidence the number may actually be 616.

In the King James Version of the Bible, the well-known verse of Revelation 13:18 reads: "Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is six hundred threescore and six."

Many Bibles have footnotes saying the number translated from the original Greek could be 616, but now experts say new photographic evidence of an ancient fragment of papyrus from Revelation indeed indicates the number is indeed 616, instead of 666.

Scholars in England have been using modern technology to scour some 400,000 bits of papyri which were originally discovered in 1895 at a midden outside the ancient Egyptian city of Oxyrhynchus. Many of the sections have been damaged and discolored, but an imaging process is shedding new light on the sacred text, believed to have originally been penned by John, one of Jesus' twelve apostles.

"This is a very nice piece to find," Dr. Ellen Aitken, a professor of Early Christian History at McGill University, told Canada's National Post. "Scholars have argued for a long time over this, and it now seems that 616 was the original number of the beast."

The papyrus in the spotlight is believed to be from about 300 A.D.

"This is very early confirmation of that number, earlier than any other text we've found of that passage," Aitken said. "It's probably about 100 years before any other version."

The main researcher promoting the 616 claim is David Parker, professor of New Testament Textual Criticism and Paleography at the University of Birmingham in England.

"This is an example of gematria, where numbers are based on the numerical values of letters in people's names," Parker told the UK's Independent. "Early Christians would use numbers to hide the identity of people who they were attacking: 616 refers to the Emperor Caligula." Many commentators have gone with later copies of text which assign the number 666 to "the beast," believed by some to be the end-time world power.

Some have also linked 666 with Nero, the ancient Roman emperor known for persecuting Christians.

Parker points out the possibility of 616 was considered by the second century church father Irenaeus, who rejected it.

Regarding this new text, Parker told Britain's Church Times, "This adds weight to those who believe that it is a reference to Caligula's attempt to desecrate the Temple in Jerusalem, by having his statue erected there as part of the cult of emperor worship.

"There may be a reference to it in Mark [13:14], where he refers to 'the abomination of desolation.' But this was overlaid by the Neronian persecutions. People believed that you could get from '666' to Nero because in Greek he is the emperor Neron Caesar. And 666 is one number less than the perfect 777. The text [showing 616] is quite legible to the naked eye. It was published in 1999, but it has taken people time to catch up."

The National Post quotes Dr. Elijah Dan, professor of philosophy and religion at the University of Toronto, as saying the new number won't likely have an impact in the popularity of 666.

"Otherwise, a lot of sermons would have to be changed and a lot of movies rewritten," he said with a laugh. "There's always someone with an active imagination who can put another interpretation on it. It just shows you that when you study something as cryptic and mystic as the Book of Revelation there's an almost unlimited number of interpretations."

Text from www.wnd.com/?pageId=30211 accessed 2008/11/07. (grammar and spelling corrected). Also see www.csad.ox.ac.uk/POxy/beast616.htm: P.Oxy. LXVI 4499 "scattered but extensive portions of the book of Revelation" ed. J. Chapa EES: Papyrology Room, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford Fragments of papyrus codex

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